The top 10: Best Practices for Broiler Breeder Production

Broiler breeder production sits at the core of the global poultry supply chain. In Asia Pacific, approximately 49 million tonnes of poultry was produced in 2024, which would have only been possible with consistent delivery of high-quality, fertile eggs and healthy chicks. As genetics, nutrition, and production systems evolve, so too must the approach of broiler breeder farmers. Let’s explore the best practices for broiler breeder production, with a focus on strategies that directly impact fertility, hatchability, egg quality, and chick viability.

1. Define the Mission: Quality and Quantity

The primary responsibility of broiler breeder producers is clear: deliver enough high-quality chicks to meet the broiler sector’s needs. This means optimising both the quantity and quality of eggs and ensuring that hatchability and fertility are not compromised. A failure in any one of these areas can ripple down the supply chain and reduce meat production efficiency.

2. Tackle the Challenge of Modern Genetics

Today’s broiler breeders are selected for rapid growth, not for reproductive performance. In fact, recent data from the US suggests a downtrend in hatchability rates compared to previous years. This presents a paradox: birds are efficient meat producers but struggle with egg production and fertility. Farmers must carefully manage these genetic trade-offs, especially through nutrition, flock management, and reproductive strategies.

3. Focus on Hatchability: The First 72 Hours Matter Most

Hatchability hinges on embryonic survival, particularly in the early stages of incubation. During the first 72 hours, a surge of oxidative activity can damage the vitelline (yolk) membrane, which protects the embryo. If this membrane fails before the yolk sac is fully formed, the embryo can be killed by albumen proteins.

Best practices for hatchability include:

• Ensuring strong antioxidant support in breeder diets
• Maintaining a clean, well-regulated hatchery environment
• Protecting the yolk membrane through proper vitamin and mineral nutrition

4. Calcium and Phosphorus: Foundations of Eggshell Quality

Eggshell quality affects both embryo protection and chick strength. For a strong shell to form, hens need adequate plasmatic calcium, the free calcium in the bloodstream. If levels are too low, the body pulls from bones, compromising both egg quality and skeletal health.

Recommendations:

• Balance dietary calcium and phosphorus, with attention to the first shell-forming layer (mammillary layer).
• Ensure sufficient vitamin D3 metabolites, especially 25-hydroxy D3, to facilitate calcium absorption and transfer.

5. Don’t Overlook the Rooster: Weight and Fertility

Male management is often under-discussed but vitally important. In most production systems, especially those without artificial insemination, roosters remain with hens for extended periods. Keeping them in reproductive condition is essential.

Key tips:

• Monitor and control rooster body weight as overweight males see a decline in fertility
• Provide targeted antioxidant support to protect sperm quality
• Maintain a balanced diet that supports semen production and longevity

Approximately 95% of fertility outcomes depend on the male, so rooster management should be a top priority.

6. Carotenoids: Essential Components in Enhancing Egg and Chick Quality

Carotenoids play a major role in supporting egg yolk health and embryo development. Since eggs lack vitamin C, carotenoids serve as the main antioxidants, alongside vitamin E.

Their presence:

• Strengthens the embryo’s resistance to oxidative stress
• Supports better hatchability and chick quality
• Enhances yolk pigmentation, which is associated with better chick vitality in some regions

In many Asian countries, for instance, chick quality is evaluated by the colour of the yolk sac as deeper orange indicates better nutrient transfer and chick strength.

7. Pullets Matter: Early Nutrition Sets the Tone

Good pullets make good hens. The period before a hen enters the laying phase is critical for establishing uniformity, body weight, and bone health. Skimping on early nutrition can shorten the production lifespan and reduce egg output.

Best practices include:

• Investing in balanced starter diets for pullets
• Ensuring flock uniformity to prevent performance gaps
• Monitoring body weight curves closely

8. Manage the Environment and Biosecurity

A clean, stress-free environment supports reproductive performance and immune function. Temperature control, ventilation, and hygiene all play roles in keeping breeders productive and healthy.

Environmental best practices:

• Ensure consistent temperature and humidity control
• Minimise stress through proper housing, nesting and egg collection 
• Implement strong biosecurity protocols to reduce pathogen pressure

9. Fiber and Feeding Strategies

Controlled feeding using proven systems specifically for broiler breeders is essential to produce birds with uniform physical and sexual development. Using fibre-rich diets is also a great strategy to help birds feel full while limiting calorie intake, supporting better body condition and reproductive outcomes. Feed management must be precise and consistent, particularly during the transition into egg production.

10. Leverage Data and Flock Monitoring

Rather than focusing on individual birds, producers should monitor the overall performance of the flock. Production computers that gather and analyse data can help provide critical insights for making informed decisions. Some key indicators for flock health include:

• Egg production curves
• Uniformity scores
• Shell quality and hatchability rates
• Chick quality assessments

Regular assessments allow for timely adjustments in feed, lighting, and management practices.

Broiler breeder success doesn't happen by chance. It’s the result of precision management, balanced nutrition, and strategic planning. By focusing on the fundamentals such as fertility, hatchability, egg quality, and nutrition – farmers can maximise the genetic potential of their flocks and ensure steady, reliable chick supply to the broiler sector.